Working opposite advancement direction

In this condition the tool turns in the direction opposite advancement of wood. Shavings are produced progressively. The cutter works on a first part by friction, as the material that has been removed is not enough to form the shaving. The shaving is produced during the second stage. This kind of process commonly used ensures a longer life of inserts with low power absorption as long as the removed part per tooth does not drop below certain levels. In case of wood with irregular veins, surfaces do not have a good finish and splints may be produced. Working opposite advancement is the only way to work with manual advancement.

Working in advancement direction

In this case the tools turns in the same direction as advancement. The shavings are produced in a regressive way and there is an initial impact when the cutter comes into contact with the wood. With this system the surfaces are well finished with reduced power of advancement. On the other hand the inserts have a shorter life, as the stage in which work occurs by friction is longer. This system is currently used only on automatic machines.

Cutting quality

Cutting quality improves by applying cutters with axially inclined cutters and by increasing cutting speed to avoid splints from being produced. It is necessary to point out that by increasing the speed and leaving the number of cutters and advancement speed unchanged, the shaving becomes thinner and thinner, therefore the cutters wear sooner while there is a higher power absorption.